一、开头句型

我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。

在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。

I……has both advantages and disadvantages.……既有利又有弊。例如：

1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.

2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.

3.Com pared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages.

举一反三：

1.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.

2……has many advantages.For example,……However,just as every coin has two sides,……has its disadvantages.（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）

II……play（s）an important role ／part in…………在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：

1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.

2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.

Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.

3.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.

4.Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness.

举一反三：

1.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

2.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,fax have taken their place.

III.With the development of……,随着……的发展,例如：

1.With the developm ent of our econo-my,many Chinese fam ilies can afford a car.

2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.

3.With the rapid development of science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.

4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.

举一反三：

1.With the rapid increase of China''''s population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.

随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。

2.With more and more women entering society,people''''s attitude owards women is changing.

随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。

3.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up,an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car.

随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of, a growing number of, a significant number of, a great number of等来表达。）

本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。

我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。

IV.When it comes to……，some people think ／believe that……，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but……当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。

本结构先用when it comes to ……引出话题，再用some……others……这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both……表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but……很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：

TV,a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV,some people believe that it is extremely valuable,as it provides relaxation,entertainment and education. Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities.There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.

二、结尾句型

英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。

V……take measures to do sth.例如：

1.We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world.

2.We''''d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.

3.The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.

4.Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.