We know very little-about pain and what we don't know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain-what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause, there is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society。

　　The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse: Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers-aspirins, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesic drugs. Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache。

　　The king of all painkillers, of course, is aspirins. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, on sustained doses, potentially lethal. Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a-day. What they don't know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. Even more serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissue, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition。

　　Given a modicum of respect, people ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive instead of addiction to painkiller, which is also what our government should do。

　　13. The underlined phrase escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal (line 4, paragraph) is most probably mentioned to denote that＿ 。

　　A.American people cannot endure even the tiniest ache because of the abuse of painkillers。

　　B. American people cannot undergo pain as if it is an ordeal。

　　C.American people have escalated their ability to endure every kind of pain。

　　D.American people have grabbed analgesic drugs of the whole nation。

　　14. According to the 2nd paragraph of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　Illiteracy in the United States is widespread and causes a great deal of pain and hurt。

　　Even the most illiterate people can name a dozen of drugs that can restrain pain。

　　Sometimes pain is the result of many mental factors, such as tension, worry, stress, etc。

　　A person who cannot restrain pain by oneself is often regarded unhealthy。

　　15. Which of the following statement is true about America or American people?

　　A. Some American people take overdose of analgesic drugs and become drug addict。

　　B. American doctors are frustrated by the abuse of painkillers。

　　C. American physicians cannot give the patients correct diagnosis and treatment。

　　D.American people go to see doctors once there is a small hint of pain。

　　16. What does the author think about aspirin?

　　A.It cannot be bought unless one has the doctor's prescription。

　　B  It can be potentially lethal, but it doesn′t hurt the body on sustained does。

　　C  It can cure arthritis besides killing pain。

　　D  It will probably lead to arthritis if it is frequently used。

　　17.  What is the author's attitude toward analgesic drug?

　　A. Negative. B. Positive. C.Critical     D. Prudential。

　　Ⅴ.Translation (30points)’’

　　1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30points)

　　Translate the following passages into Chinese . Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。

　　Passage 1

　　Although a great deal has been said about our increasingly visual age, the changes to our aural landscape have gone relatively unremarked. The image has grown so voracious that any child asked to sum up the century will instantly visualize Einstein’s hair and Hilter’s mustache, mushroom clouds and moon landings; this despite the fact that each of these visual moments has its aural correlative, from the blast over Hiroshima to the high-pitched staccato ravings of the Fiihrer, to Neil Armstrong’s static-ridden “giant leap for mankind”。

　　Passage2

　　Meanwhile the wineglasses had flushed yellow and flushed crimson; had been emptied; had been filled. And thus by degrees was lit, halfway down the spine ,which is the seat of the soul, not that hard little electric light which we call brilliance, as it pops in and out upon our lips, but the more profound, subtle, and subterranean glow, which is the rich yellow flame of rational intercourse. No need to hurry. No need to sparkle. No need to be anybody but oneself。

　　2.Translate the following passages into English。

　　从北平来的人往往说在上海这地方怎么“呆”得住①。一切都这样紧张②。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难得看见树木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆。我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活得诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的。清旷的胸襟和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面③，同样可以收到修养上的效益，而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮，只是说即使不看也没有什么关系罢了。

　　Ⅵ. Writing (20 points)

　　Directions: In this part you should write a composition of no less than 300 words

　　Language, Literature and life

　　答案

　　Ⅰ Vocabulary

　　(1). Directions: There are fifteen incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence。(30 points)

　　1.【A】 2.【A】 3. 【B】 4.【D】5.【A】 6.【A】 7.【C】8.【D】 9. 【D】 10.【A】 11.【B】

　　12. 【B】

　　13. 【D】 14.【C】 15. 【A】 16.【C】17. 【B】 18. 【A】

　　19. 【D】 20. 【A】 21 【B】

　　22. 【A】23. 【D】

　　24.【B】 25. 【B】26. 【A】 27. 【D】 28. 【D】 29. 【C】 30. 【C】

　　(2)Directions: There are ten sentences in this part with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence。

　　1. 【C】 2. 【D】  3. 【C】4. 【A】5.  【D】

　　Ⅱ. Identify errors in the following sentences and correct them。

　　(1) raise应改为raising。

　　(2) besides改成but。

　　(3) “in world”应改为“in the world”。

　　(4)both之前加of 。

　　(5) “should bring”改为“should have brought”

　　(6) which改为as

　　(7) “much though”不合语法习惯，应改为“much as”

　　(8) while改为though。

　　(9)把本题改为I forgot about doing it。

　　(10)把“isn’t this”改为 “isn’t it”。

　　Ⅲ Cloze Test

　　1.【C】 2.【A】3.【B】 4. 【D】 5. 【C】 6. 【C】 7.【D】 8.【A】 9. 【A】 10【B】 11【A】 12【C】 13【B】 14【D】 15【C】 16【A】 17【B】 18【C】19. 【D】 20.【D】

　　Ⅳ. Read the following four passages and answer the questions after each passage. (20%， 2 points for each question)

　　Passage one

　　【B】

　　【B】

　　【C】

　　Passage 2

　　【D】

　　【C】

　　【A】

　　【D】

　　【D】

　　【C】

　　【D】

　　Passage Three

　　13. 【A】

　　14.【C】

　　15.【C】

　　16 【D】

　　17 【D】

　　Ⅴ.Translation

　　1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30 points)

　　Translate the following passages into Chinese. Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。

　　Passage 1  

　　【参考译文】 

　　我们的时代越来越视像化。视像化时代颇受人们关注，然而听觉方面的变化却相对被忽视。视像占据着强势地位。让任何一个小孩对上个世纪做一个总结，他的脑海中都会立刻浮现出爱因斯坦的发型、希特勒的胡子、蘑菇云和登月。虽然，我们无法否认一个事实：这些画面中的每一时刻都和听觉相关——从广岛的原子弹爆炸声到斐济人断断续续的狂吼，再到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“人类的一大步”。

　　Passage 2

　　【参考译文】 

　　与此同时，溢满金黄和绯红的酒杯，满上又空了，空了再满上。渐渐地，灵魂赖以安身的胸椎处，有什么东西点燃了，不是我们称之为才华的那种微细的电光，它只能在我们的口舌间吞吐，而是一种更为深刻、微妙的潜在，是心智交流激发的灼热火焰。不必太急切。不必太张扬。无须装腔作势，自由自在就好。

　　2. Translate the following passages into English。

　　【参考译文】

　　People from Peiping often wonder why Shanghailanders should choose to live in such a lousy place. They say life here is so full of tension, the air so foul, and trees so scarce, and so on and so forth. I wonder if the apparent loss of moonlight might as well be listed among their reasons for staying away from this city. But I would think otherwise, for it doesn’t make sense to call enjoyment of moonlight one of the requisites of life. Open heart and wide vision do not necessarily come of watching the moon. The same can be achieved in self-cultivation, and that in a more practical way, by looking earthward instead of skyward. Nevertheless, I’m not opposed to watching the moon. I only mean it doesn’t matter at all if you see no moon。

　　Ⅵ.Writing

　　【参考范文】

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